Evaluando la influencia de la calidad de la distancia peatonal en la cobertura de paradas del metro ligero de Granada (España)

Contenido principal del artículo

Rubén Talavera García
Luis Miguel Valenzuela Montes
Julio Alberto Soria Lara

Resumen

Aunque las características del entorno urbano y social tienen una marcada influencia en la distancia peatonal al transporte público, existe una escasa atención a este fenómeno en el contexto de los análisis de accesibilidad. Sin embargo, considerar la calidad de la distancia peatonal en la evaluación de la accesibilidad podría constituir una herramienta útil para conseguir una mayor y mejor integración del transporte público en los entornos urbanos. En este artículo se diseña la herramienta Q-WD: Calidad de la Distancia Peatonal (Quality of Walking Distance) testeándola en el caso de la ciudad de Granada, y en concreto en varios entornos de movilidad vinculados a la línea de metro ligero. Los resultados muestran cómo la cobertura de las paradas se reduce en aquellos casos en los que la calidad peatonal de los entornos de parada es baja, mientras que los entornos de parada con alta calidad peatonal producen una extensión de la cobertura de parada del transporte público. Asimismo, los resultados de la aplicación de la herramienta Q-WD evidencian cómo el recuento total de población servida varía en los entornos peatonales cuando se considera la calidad de la distancia.



Descargas

La descarga de datos todavía no está disponible.

Detalles del artículo

Cómo citar
Talavera García, R., Valenzuela Montes, L. M., & Soria Lara, J. A. (2018). Evaluando la influencia de la calidad de la distancia peatonal en la cobertura de paradas del metro ligero de Granada (España). Boletín De La Asociación De Geógrafos Españoles, (79). https://doi.org/10.21138/bage.2472

Bibliografía

Agència d’ecologia Urbana de Barcelona. (2010). Sistema de indicadores y condicionantes para ciudades grandes y medianas. Retrieved from http://www.ecourbano.es/imag/pdf/INDICADORES CIUDADES GRANDES Y MEDIANAS.pdf

Alfonzo, M. (2005). To Walk or Not to Walk? The Hierarchy of Walking Needs. Environment and Behavior, 37(6), 808–836. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916504274016

Arup Group (2016). Cities Alive. Towards a walking world. London. Reetrieved from https://www.arup.com/-/media/arup/files/publications/c/cities-alive_towards-a-walking-world_lowres.pdf

Aultman-Hall, L., Roorda, M., & Baetz, B. W. (1997). Using GIS for evaluation of neighborhood pedestrian accessibility. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 123(1), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9488(1997)123:1(10)

Bertolini, L. (1999). Spatial Development Patterns and Public Transport: The Application of an Analytical Model in the Netherlands. Planning Practice and Research, 14(2), 199–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/02697459915724

Bertolini, L., & Dijst, M. (2003). Mobility Environments and Network Cities. Journal of Urban Design, 8(1), 27–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/1357480032000064755

Bhuyan, P. K., & Nayak, M. S. (2013). A Review on Level of Service Analysis of Urban Streets. Transport Reviews, 33(2), 219–238. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2013.779617

Brown, B. B., & Werner, C. M. (2009). Before and After a New Light Rail Stop: Resident Attitudes, Travel Behavior, and Obesity. Journal of the American Planning Association, 75(1), 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944360802458013

Brown, J., Thompson, G., Bhattacharya, T., & Jaroszynski, M. (2014). Understanding Transit Ridership Demand for the Multidestination, Multimodal Transit Network in Atlanta, Georgia: Lessons for Increasing Rail Transit Choice Ridership while Maintaining Transit Dependent Bus Ridership. Urban Studies, 51(5), 938–958. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098013493021

Cervero, R., & Kockelman, K. (1997). Travel demand and the 3Ds: Density, diversity, and design. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2(3), 199–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-9209(97)00009-6

Chen, J., Shaw, S.-L., Yu, H., Lu, F., Chai, Y., & Jia, Q. (2011). Exploratory data analysis of activity diary data: a space-time GIS approach. Journal of Transport Geography, 19(3), 394–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2010.11.002

Curtis, C., Renne, J. L., & Bertolini, L. (2009). Transit oriented development: making it happen. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing.

Das, S. S., Maitra, B., & Boltze, M. (2012). Planning of Fixed-Route Fixed-Schedule Feeder Service to Bus Stops in Rural India. Journal of Transportation Engineering-Asce, 138(10), 1274–1281. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000419

Delmelle, E. M., Li, S., & Murray, A. T. (2012). Identifying bus stop redundancy: A gis-based spatial optimization approach. Computers Environment and Urban Systems, 36(5), 445–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2012.01.002

Djurhuus, S., Sten Hansen, H., Aadahl, M., & Glümer, C. (2016). Building a multimodal network and determining individual accessibility by public transportation. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 43(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/0265813515602594

Donaldson, R. (2006). Mass rapid rail development in South Africa’s metropolitan core: Towards a new urban form? Land Use Policy, 238(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2005.02.003

El-Geneidy, A., Grimsrud, M., Wasfi, R., Tétreault, P., Surprenant-Legault, J., Tetreault, P., & Surprenant-Legault, J. (2014). New evidence on walking distances to transit stops: identifying redundancies and gaps using variable service areas. Transportation, 41(1), 193–210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-013-9508-z

Ewing, R., & Cervero, R. (2010). Travel and the Built Environment. Journal of the American Planning Association, 76(3), 265–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944361003766766

Ferrocarriles de la Junta de Andalucía. (2008). Modelización de la movilidad actual y futura en el área metropolitana de Granada tras la puesta en servicio de la red de metro ligero (No. Expediente T-MG6109/PEG0). Sevilla.

García-Palomares, J. C., Gutiérrez, J., & Cardozo, O. D. (2013). Walking Accessibility to Public Transport: An Analysis Based on Microdata and GIS. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 40(6), 1087–1102. https://doi.org/10.1068/b39008

Gehl, J. (1971). Life between buildings: using public space. Danish Architectural Press.

Guerra, E., Cervero, R., & Tischer, D. (2011). The Half-Mile Circle: Does It Best Represent Transit Station Catchments? (UCB-ITS-VWP-2011-5). Berkeley.

Hass-Klau, C., & Crampton, G. (2002). Future of urban transport. Learning from success and weakness: light rail (E. and T. Planning, Ed.). Bergische Universität Gesamthochschule Wuppertal.

Hernández, D., & Witter, R. (2015). Perceived vs. actual distance to transit in Santiago, Chile. Journal of Public Transportation, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.5038/2375-0901.18.4.2

Hess, D. B. (2012). Walking to the bus: Perceived versus actual walking distance to bus stops for older adults. Transportation, 39(2), 247–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-011-9341-1

Hess, D. B., & Almeida, T. M. (2007). Impact of proximity to light rail rapid transit on station-area property values in Buffalo, New York. Urban Studies, 44, 5–6, 1041–1068. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980701256005

Jacobs, A. B. (1993). Great Streets. Mit Press.

Jacobson, J., & Forsyth, A. (2008). Seven American TODs: Good Practices for Urban Design in Transit-Oriented Development Projects. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 1(2), 51–88 https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.v1i2.67

Kim, S. (2011). Assessing mobility in an aging society: Personal and built environment factors associated with older people’s subjective transportation deficiency in the US. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 14(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2011.04.011

Koushki, P. A. (1988). Walking characteristics in Central Riydah, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 114(6). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(1988)114:6(735)

Kuby, M., Barranda, A., & Upchurch, C. (2004). Factors influencing light-rail station boardings in the United States. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 38(3), 223–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2003.10.006

Larsen, J., & El-Geneidy, A. (2010). Beyond the quarter mile: Re-examining travel distances by active transportation. Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 19(1, suppl.), 70–88.

Litman, T. (2016). Accessibility for Transportation Planning Evaluating Accessibility for Transportation Planning. Victoria, Canada. Retrieved from http://vtpi.org/access.pdf

Mitchell, L., Burton, E., Raman, S., Blackman, T., Jenks, M., & Williams, K. (2003). Making the outside world dementia-friendly: design issues and considerations. Environment And Planning B-Planning & Design, 30(4), 605–632. https://doi.org/10.1068/b29100

Moniruzzaman, M., Páez, A., Paez, A., & Páez, A. (2012). A model-based approach to select case sites for walkability audits. Health & Place, 18(6), 1323–1334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.09.013

Morency, C., Trepanier, M., & Demers, M. (2011). Walking to transit: An unexpected source of physical activity. Transport Policy, 18(6), 800–806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2011.03.010

Niemeijer, D., & de Groot, R. S. (2008). A conceptual framework for selecting environmental indicator sets. Ecological Indicators, 8(1), 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2006.11.012

O’Sullivan, S., & Morrall, J. (1996). Walking Distances to and from Light-Rail Transit Stations. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1538(1), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.3141/1538-03

Olszewski, P., & Wibowo, S. (2005). Using Equivalent Walking Distance to Assess Pedestrian Accessibility to Transit Stations in Singapore. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1927, 38–45. https://doi.org/10.3141/1927-05

Park, S., Deakin, E., & Jang, K. (2013). Can Good Walkability Expand the Size of Transit-Oriented Developments? Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2519(1), 193–210. https://doi.org/10.3141/2519-17

Pivo, G., & Fisher, J. D. (2011). The Walkability Premium in Commercial Real Estate Investments. Real Estate Economics, 39(2), 185–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6229.2010.00296.x

Pozueta-Echavarri, J., Lamiquiz-Dauden, F., & Porto Schettino, M. (2009). La ciudad paseable. Centro de Estudios y Experimentación de Obras Públicas.

Seneviratne, P. N. (1985). Acceptable Walking Distances in Central Areas. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 111(4), 365–376. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(1985)111:4(365)

Soria-Lara, J. A. (2011). Modelo de umbrales para la evaluación ambiental de la movilidad urbana. Departamento de Urbanística y Ordenación del Territorio. Granada: Universidad de Granada, Granada. Retrieved from http://www.tdx.cat/handle/10803/80693

Soria-Lara, J. A., Valenzuela-Montes, L. M., & Pinho, P. (2015). Using ‘Mobility Environments’ in Practice: Lessons from a Metropolitan Transit Corridor in Spain. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 17(5), 553–572. https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2014.991779

Talavera-Garcia, R., & Soria-Lara, J. A. (2015). Q-PLOS, developing an alternative walking index. A method based on urban design quality. Cities, 45, 7–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2015.03.003

Talavera-Garcia, R., Soria-Lara, J. A., & Valenzuela-Montes, L. M. (2014). La calidad peatonal como método para evaluar entornos de movilidad urbana. Documents d’Anàlisi Geogràfica, 60(1), 161–187.

Talavera-Garcia, R., & Valenzuela-Montes, L. M. (n. d.). Análisis conceptual de la distancia peatonal al transporte público: hacia un enfoque más integrador. ACE Arquitectura, Ciudad y Entorno.

The City of Calgary. (2004). Transit Oriented Development Policy Guidelines. Calgary. Retrieved from https://www.idu.gov.co/documents/20181/1005391/Approved+TODPG+041206.pdf/dd7c6a24-0076-4da1-a6a7-88eaab33b8a3

Valenzuela-Montes, L. M., & Talavera-García, R. (2015). Entornos de movilidad peatonal: enfoques, factores y condicionantes. Revista EURE - Revista de Estudios Urbano Regionales, 41(123). Retrieved from http://www.eure.cl/index.php/eure/article/view/710/810

Valenzuela Montes, L. M., Soria Lara, J. A., & Talavera Garcia, R. (2011). Hacia la integración de los planes y proyectos andaluces de movilidad metropolitana. Scripta Nova, 15(349). Retrieved from http://www.ub.edu/geocrit/sn/sn-349.htm

Van de Coevering, P., & Schwanen, T. (2006). Re-evaluating the impact of urban form on travel patterns in Europe and North-America. Transport Policy, 13(3), 229–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TRANPOL.2005.10.001

Venturi, R., Brown, D. S., & Izenour, S. (1977). Learning from Las Vegas: the forgotten symbolism of architectural form (Revised ed). MIT Press.

Vuchic, V. R. (2005). Urban transit: operations, planning, and economics. John Wiley & Sons.

Wright, L., & Hook, W. (2010). Guía de Planificación de Sistemas BRT. New York: Institute for Transportation and Development Policy.

Zacharias, J. (2001). Pedestrian Behavior Pedestrian Behavior and Perception in Urban Walking Environments. Journal of Planning Literature, 16(1), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/08854120122093249