Growth, exclusion and vulnerability: evaluation of the socio-spatial transformation of post-apartheid Pretoria-Tshwane (South Africa)
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Crecimiento, exclusión y vulnerabilidad: evaluación de la transformación socio-espacial en Pretoria-Tshwane (Sudáfrica) post-apartheid
El apartheid produjo dos grandes desafíos en las regiones urbanas de Sudáfrica: la integración social a nivel de ciudad y la integración espacial a nivel regional. La tarea de encontrar soluciones a estos problemas se dejó en manos de los municipios, el nivel más bajo del sistema de gobierno de tres niveles introducido después de 1994. Este artículo evalúa críticamente el éxito del gobierno municipal de Pretoria-Tshwane post-apartheid a la hora de abordar estos desafíos de reorganización de la región urbana durante un período de 25 años. El artículo comienza con una reconstrucción de la ciudad del apartheid, mostrando sus contrastes socio-espaciales y definiendo los desafíos de la integración y la compactación. La investigación se basa en el uso de literatura, información censal y observación. El principal resultado es que los avances en la integración de la ciudad en las dos escalas están siendo neutralizados por las tendencias demográficas, la libertad de asociación, la expansión urbana, una gestión incierta, la escala de aspiraciones, expectativas poco realistas y, sobre todo, la incapacidad municipal. El fracaso del gobierno local de Pretoria-Tshwane para alcanzar estos objetivos se explica por la ineficacia del enfoque actual, que obliga a los municipios a rectificar las dicotomías del sistema de ciudades del apartheid dentro de sus regiones. Se aconseja implementar entidades gubernamentales adicionales para apoyar a los gobiernos locales en la planificación y la reurbanización de las ciudades-regiones post-apartheid.
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