Climate in tourism’s research agenda: future directions based on literature review
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El clima en la agenda de investigación del turismo: direcciones futuras basadas en la revisión bibliográfica
Uno de los mayores desafíos que afronta el turismo en la actualidad es el cambio climático, que inevitablemente implica adecuar muchos destinos y turistas a los nuevos escenarios. Para ello, es imprescindible una revisión bibliográfica sobre el vínculo entre el turismo y el clima. En esta línea, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo establecer la evolución de la relación entre turismo y clima que se publicaron desde 1940 hasta 2020. Se ha realizado un análisis bibliométrico mediante métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos para medir la tasa de cobertura del turismo y el clima (cambio climático incluido) en estudios espaciotemporales. Se utilizaron las bases de datos Web of Science (WoS) y Scopus para realizar un análisis en profundidad basado en 889 publicaciones relacionadas con la climatología turística. Estas se sintetizaron en atributos y códigos (por ejemplo, ubicación, nombre de la revista, nivel geográfico, métodos de análisis, resultados, implicaciones y tendencias). Es cierto que, en el contexto de la investigación turística, los temas y las hipótesis, con algunas excepciones, han permanecido constantes. La mayoría de los 889 estudios analizados se centraron en temas climatológicos clave, como impactos del cambio climático en el turismo (28,4%) y el confort urbano y bioclimático de los turistas en los destinos afectados (13,2%), mientras que han tenido una menor cobertura temas relacionados con el turismo, como las políticas del cambio climático en el turismo (6,1%) o las estrategias y opciones concretas para reactivar los destinos turísticos para el cambio climático (0,2%). Los métodos, procedimientos y resultados de la investigación pueden contribuir al avance de la climatología turística hacia una nueva fase de aplicación teórica y práctica para la planificación turística.
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