Spatial inequalities of COVID-19 incidence and associated socioeconomic risk factors in Portugal
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Desigualdades espaciales de la incidencia de COVID-19 y factores de riesgo socioeconómico asociados en Portugal
COVID-19 golpeó al mundo de manera repentina y desigual. La comunidad científica ha aportado pruebas sobre las características socioeconómicas del territorio asociadas al patrón geográfico de incidencia de COVID-19. Se aplicaron modelos de regresión ponderada geográficamente (GWR) para explorar la asociación espacialmente variable entre la tasa de incidencia de COVID-19 estandarizada por edad y las condiciones socioeconómicas (viviendas superpobladas, capacidad en unidades de atención social para ancianos, trabajadores de la construcción y manufactura, proximidad de la frontera y personas que se desplazan para un municipio). El contexto espacial se definió en función del número de vecinos; el ancho de banda se determinó mediante AIC. Previamente se evaluó el GWR mediante modelos de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios. La proximidad de la frontera, la proporción de viviendas superpobladas, las personas empleadas en establecimientos manufactureros y las personas empleadas en establecimientos de construcción resultan ser predictores significativos. Se pudo observar que los municipios se ven afectados diferentemente por el mismo factor y que esta influencia variable tiene patrones geográficos identificables, el papel de cada factor analizado varía de manera importante a lo largo del país. Este estudio proporciona información útil para los formuladores de políticas para intervenciones específicas y para la identificación adecuada de factores de riesgo.
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