La dimensión geográfica de las invasiones biológicas en el Antropoceno: el caso de Xylella fastidiosa
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Xylella fastidiosa es una bacteria potencialmente dañina para un gran número de cultivos leñosos y especies arbóreas, y está considerada una de las bacterias fitopatógenas más peligrosas del mundo. En este artículo, combinamos modelos de nicho ecológico para estimar la distribución potencial global de X. fastidiosa y, complementariamente, técnicas de evaluación multicriterio para estimar regionalmente la exposición de la península Ibérica e islas Baleares a la entrada y difusión del patógeno. A nivel global, nuestros modelos estimaron una distribución potencial de X. fastidiosa con un amplio radio potencial de expansión en climas templados (Grupo C, según la clasificación climática de Köppen). A nivel regional, nuestros resultados revelaron que la península Ibérica se halla muy expuesta a la entrada y propagación de este organismo invasor, cuya presencia es ya generalizada en las islas Baleares. En el Antropoceno, la Geografía desempeña un papel crucial en el manejo de los riesgos biológicos. El éxito en la gestión de los mismos depende, en gran medida, de nuestra capacidad para predecir los rangos geográficos potenciales de los organismos invasores e identificar los factores que promueven su propagación.
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