Energías renovables y cambios de usos del suelo en el sur de la Península Ibérica: una lectura territorial de la política energética
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La lucha contra el cambio climático necesita de una transformación del modelo energético que está siendo fuertemente apoyado desde las políticas de la Unión Europea y de los estados miembros. La materialización espacial de la política energética de fomento de las energías renovables es un elemento crucial que ha de concretarse sobre los usos de suelo pre-existentes, lo que a su vez provoca cambios sobre los ecosistemas y los paisajes. Este artículo investiga la implantación territorial de las plantas eólicas y solares en la Península Ibérica para evaluar qué tipos de usos del suelo están siendo más afectados. A partir de la evolución de la política energética en España y Portugal se analizan de forma comparada los desarrollos de plantas eólicas y solares y los usos del suelo utilizando la cartografía temática publicada tanto en España como en Portugal entre 2005 y 2020. Los resultados de la investigación constatan la exclusividad de estos desarrollos en ámbitos rurales, destacando la sustitución de cultivos herbáceos junto con cubiertas de matorral y pastizal, provocando una alteración significativa de las economías y los paisajes rurales.
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