Climate change perception and responses from tourists to water resources: the case of Muga river basin.
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Climate change and its effects will be an important factor for the future of tourist destinations. On the Mediterranean basin its influence on water availability will be remarkable. It might have influence on the attractiveness of destinations, and it could affect tourist arrivals. However, there is a little knowledge about how tourists perceive the decrease of water availability and how it is linked with climate change. This paper analyses some of these perceptions from the results obtained carrying out 752 surveys on 19 different tourist accommodation establishments located on the Muga river basin, on the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula. Results determine that some factors of the tourists and their motivations to stay at the destination can be explicative to explain their different perception and behaviour on climate change and water availability.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Agència Catalana de l’Aigua (2016). Pla de gestió del districte de conca fluvial de Catalunya. 2016–2021. Retrieved from http://aca.gencat.cat/web/.content/30_Plans_i_programes/10_Pla_de_gestio/02-2n-cicle-de-planificacio-2016-2021/bloc1/101_pdg2_plagestio_dcfc.pdf
AEMET & OECC. (2018). Cambio climático: calentamiento global de 1,5 °C. https://doi.org/10.31978/014-18-009-x.i
Amelung, B., Nicholls, S., & Viner, D. (2007). Implications of global climate change for tourism flows and seasonality. Journal of Travel Research, 45(3), 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287506295937
Barberán, R., Egea, P., Gracia-de-Rentería, P., & Salvador, M. (2013). Evaluation of water saving measures in hotels: A Spanish case study. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 34(1), 181–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.02.005
Becken, S. (2005). Harmonising climate change adaptation and mitigation: The case of tourist resorts in Fiji. Global Environmental Change, 15, 381–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GLOENVCHA.2005.08.001
Becken, S., Rajan, R., Moore, S., McLennan, C.‐L., & Garofano, N. (2014). Second white paper on tourism and water: Providing the business case. Brisbane: EarthCheck Research Institute.
Bohdanowicz, P. (2006). Environmental awareness and initiatives in the Swedish and Polish hotel industries-survey results. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 25, 662–682 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2005.06.006
Bord, R. J., Fisher, A., & O’Connor, R. E. (1998). Public perceptions of global warming: United States and international perspectives. Climate Research, 11, 75–84.
Capstick, S., Whitmarsh, L., Poortinga, W., Pidgeon, N., & Upham, P. (2015). International trends in public perceptions of climate change over the past quarter century. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 6(1), 35–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.321
Cole, S., Cañada, E., Ma, Y., & Sandang, Y. (2020). Tourism, water, and gender An international review of an unexplored nexus. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 7. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1442
Cramer, W., Guiot, J., & Marini, K. (2019). Risks associated to climate and environmental changes in the Mediterranean region (Mediterranean Experts on Climate and Environmental Change MedECC). Retrieved from https://ufmsecretariat.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/MedECC-Booklet_EN_WEB.pdf
Consorcio de la Costa Brava (n.d.). Abastecimientos. Retrieved from http://www.ccbgi.org/abastaments_municipi.php
Cuadrat, J. M., & Martín-Vide, J. (Eds.). (2007). La climatología española: pasado, presente y futuro. Zaragoza: Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza.
Demiroglu, O. C., Dannevig, H., & Aall, C. (2018). Climate change acknowledgement and responses of summer (glacier) ski visitors in Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 18(4), 419–438. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2018.1522721
Deyà, B., & Tirado, D. (2011). Hotel water consumption at a seasonal mass tourist destination . The case of the island of Mallorca. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(10), 2568–2579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.05.024
Diamantopoulos, A., Schlegelmilch, B. B., Sinkovics, R. R., & Bohlen, G. M. (2003). Can socio-demographics still play a role in profiling green consumers? A review of the evidence and an empirical investigation. Journal of Business Research, 56(6), 465–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(01)00241-7
Diputació de Girona (2017). XIFRA Sistema informació socieconòmica local. Retrieved from www.ddgi.cat/xifra/provincials/activecon/tur_enq_campings.asp?IdMenu=03030804
EUROSTAT (2001). Tourism trends in mediterranean countries. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3217494/5628504/KS-40-01-666-FR.PDF/ff0abde3-19a9-4ea5-b7bf-11fa860a3289?version=1.0
Fundación Gala-Salvador Dalí (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.salvador-dali.org/
Gabarda-Mallorquí, A., Fraguell, R. M., & Ribas, A. (2018). Exploring environmental awareness and behavior among guests at hotels that apply water-saving measures. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051305
Gabarda-Mallorquí, A., Garcia, X., Fraguell, R. M., & Ribas, A. (2020). Are hotel stay characteristics influencing guests’ environmental behaviour? Predicting water conservation habits. Current Issues in Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1829565
Gabarda Mallorquí, A. (2016). Canvis recents en el consum i la gestió de l’aigua en espais turístics. El cas de la Costa Brava (Girona). Universitat de Girona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10803/132xxx
Gatt, K., & Schranz, C. (2015). Retrofitting a 3 star hotel as a basis for piloting water minimisation interventions in the hospitality sector. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 50, 115–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHM.2015.06.008
Ghilardi-Lopes, N. P., Turra, A., Buckeridge, M. S., Silva, A. C., Berchez, F. A. de S., & de Oliveira, V. M. (2015). On the perceptions and conceptions of tourists with regard to global environmental changes and their consequences for coastal and marine environments: A case study of the northern São Paulo State coast, Brazil. Marine Policy, 57, 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2015.03.005
Gómez, B. (2005). Reflexión geográfica en torno al binomio clima-turismo. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, 40, 111-134. Retrieved from https://bage.age-geografia.es/ojs/index.php/bage/article/view/2011
Gómez, B., Armesto, X. A., & Cors, M. (2017). Percepción del cambio climático y respuestas locales de adaptación: el caso del turismo rural. Cuadernos de Turismo, 39, 287–310.
Gössling, S., Bredberg, M., Randow, A., Sandström, E., & Svensson, P. (2006). Tourist perceptions of climate change: A study of international tourists in Zanzibar. Current Issues in Tourism, 9(4-5), 419–435. https://doi.org/10.2167/cit265.0
Hadjikakou, M., Chenoweth, J., & Miller, G. (2013). Estimating the direct and indirect water use of tourism in the eastern Mediterranean. Journal of Environmental Management, 114, 548–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.11.002
Hadjikakou, M., Miller, G., Chenoweth, J., Druckman, A., & Zoumides, C. (2015). A comprehensive framework for comparing water use intensity across different tourist types. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23, 1445–1467 https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2015.1044753
Hall, C. M. (2006). New Zealand tourism entrepreneur attitudes and behaviours with respect to climate change adaption and mitigation. International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 1(3), 229–237. https://doi.org/ 10.1504/IJISD.2006.012424
Hamilton, J. M., & Tol, R. S. J. (2007). The Impact of climate change on tourism and recreation. In M. E. Schlesinger, H. Kheshgi, J. B. Smith, F. C. de la Chesnaye, J. M. Reilly, T. Wilson, & C. D. Kolstad (Eds.), Human-Induced Climate Change: An Interdisciplinary Assessment (pp. 147-155). Cambridge University Press.
Han, H., & Hyun, S. S. (2018). Eliciting customer green decisions related to water saving at hotels: impact of customer characteristics. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(8), 1437–1452. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1458857
Kaján, E., & Saarinen, J. (2013). Tourism, climate change and adaptation: A review. Current Issues in Tourism, 16(2), 167–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.774323
Landauer, M., Sievänen, T., & Neuvonen, M. (2009). Adaptation of Finnish cross-country skiers to climate change. Fennia, 187(2), 99–113. https://fennia.journal.fi/article/view/3697
Lázaro, L., González, C., & Escribano, G. (2019). Los españoles ante el cambio climático. Apoyo ciudadano a los elementos, instrumentos y procesos de una Ley de Cambio Climático y Transición Energética. Real Instituto Elcano. Retrieved from http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/wcm/connect/1c5a8ff2-2533-44bf-b2d6-a0c8053b231a/Informe-Espanoles-ante-cambio-climatico-sept-2019.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=1c5a8ff2-2533-44bf-b2d6-a0c8053b231a
Lee, J., Hsu, L. J., Han, H., & Kim, Y. (2010). Understanding how consumers view green hotels: how a hotel’s green image can influence behavioural intention. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(7), 901-914. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669581003777747
Linton, J., & Budds, J. (2014). The hydrosocial cycle: Defining and mobilizing a relational-dialectical approach to water. Geoforum, 57, 170–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.10.008
Manaktola, K., & Jauhari, V. (2007). Exploring consumer attitude and behaviour towards green practices in the lodging industry in India. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 19(5), 364–377. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110710757534
McCright, A. M. (2016). Anti-Reflexivity and Climate Change Skepticism in the US General Public. Human Ecology Review. Society for Human Ecology, 2, 77-108. https://doi.org/10.2307/24875159
McCright, A. M., & Dunlap, R. E. (2010). Anti-reflexivity: The American conservative movement’s success in undermining climate science and policy. Theory, Culture and Society, 27(2), 100–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276409356001
MedECC. (2018). Risk associated to climate and environmental changes in the Mediterranean region. Retrieved from https://www.medecc.org/medecc-booklet-isk-associated-to-climate-and-environmental-changes-in-the-mediterranean-region/
Meo, M.S., Sabir, S.A., Arain, H. et al. Water resources and tourism development in South Asia: an application of dynamic common correlated effect (DCCE) model. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(16) 19678–19687. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08361-8
Miró Pérez, J. J., & Olcina Cantos, J. (2020). Cambio climático y confort térmico. Efectos en el turismo de la Comunidad Valenciana. Investigaciones Turísticas, (20), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.14198/INTURI2020.20.01
Moreno, A., & Amelung, B. (2009). Climate change and tourist comfort on Europe’s beaches in summer: A reassessment. Coastal Management, 37(6), 550–568. https://doi.org/10.1080/08920750903054997
Moreno, J.M., Urbieta, I., Bedia, J., Gutiérrez, J.M., & Vallejo, R. (2015). Los incendios forestales en España ante el cambio climático. In A. Herrero & A. Zavala (Eds.), Los bosques y la biodiversidad frente al cambio climático: impactos, vulnerabilidad y adaptación en España (pp. 395–405). Madrid: Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente.
Olcina-Cantos, J. (2012). Turismo y cambio climático: una actividad vulnerable que debe adaptarse. Investigaciones Turísticas, 4, 1–34.
Pavón, D., Ventura, M., Ribas, A., Serra, P., Saurí, D., & Breton, F. (2003). Land use change and socio-environmental conflict in the Alt Empordà county (Catalonia, Spain). Journal of Arid Environment, 54(3), 543–552. https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.2002.1077
Perry, A. H. (2006). Will predicted climate change compromise the sustainability of Mediterranean tourism? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14(4), 367–375. https://doi.org/10.2167/jost545.0
Pickering, C. M., Castley, J. G., & Burtt, M. (2009). Skiing Less Often in a Warmer World: Attitudes of Tourists to Climate Change in an Australian Ski Resort. Geographical Research, 48(2), 137–147. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2009.00614.x
Polioptro, M.A., & Erick, B. (2018). Heat Waves: Health Effects, Observed Trends and Climate Change. In P. J. Sallis, Extreme Weather (pp. 107-124). London: IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75559
Romero, J., & Olcina, J. (2021). Cambio climático en el Mediterráneo. Riesgos, políticas y déficit de gobernanza. In J. Romero & J. Olcina (Eds.), Cambio climático en el mediterráneo. Procesos, riesgos y políticas (pp. 311-335). Tirant lo Blanch.
Roson, R., & Sartori, M. (2014). Climate change , tourism and water resources in the Mediterranean A general equilibrium analysis. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 6(2), 212–228. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-01-2013-0001
Saarinen, J., & Tervo, K. (2006). Perceptions and adaptation strategies of the tourism industry to climate change: the case of Finnish nature-based tourism entrepreneurs. International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 1(3), 214-228. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJISD.2006.012423
Scott, D., Gössling, S., & Hall, C. M. (2012). International tourism and climate change. WIREs Climate Change, 3, 213–232. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.165
Skrimizea, E., & Parra, C. (2019). Social-ecological dynamics and water stress in tourist islands: the case of Rhodes, Greece. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(9), 1438–1456. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1630420
Stonich, S. (1998). The political ecology of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research1, 25(1), 25–54.
Tábara, J. D., Breton, F., Llasat, M. C., Llasat-Botija, M., Romaní, J. M., Oltra, C., Serra, A., Sala, R., Solà, R., Trujillo, A.J., & Tous, C. (2008). Percepció pública i política del canvi climàtic a Catalunya. Documents de recerca 14.
Torres-Bagur, M., Ribas, A., & Vila-Subirós, J. (2019). Perceptions of climate change and water availability in the Mediterranean tourist sector: A case study ofthe Muga river basin (Girona, Spain). International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 11(4), 552-569 https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-10-2018-0070
Torres-Bagur, M., Ribas, A., & Vila-Subirós, J. (2020). Understanding the key factors that influence efficient water-saving practices among tourists: A mediterranean case study. Water (Switzerland), 12(2083). https://doi.org/10.3390/W12082083
Tekken, V., & Kropp, J. P. (2015). Sustainable water management—Perspectives for tourism development in north-eastern Morocco. Tour. Manag. Perspect, 16, 325–334.
Tapsuwan, S., & Rongrongmuang, W. (2015). Climate change perception of the dive tourism industry in Koh Tao island, Thailand. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 11, 58–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2015.06.005
Valdor, P., Gracia, A., & Quevedo, N. (2020). Investigación social de la percepción del cambio climático en España. Red4c Ciencia ciudadana y cambio climático. Retrieved from https://red4c.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/percepcionCC_red4C.pdf
Valls, J. J.-F., & Sardá, R. (2009). Tourism expert perceptions for evaluating climate change impacts on the Euro-Mediterranean tourism industry. Tourism Review, 64(2), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.1108/16605370910963518
Van Der Linden, S., Maibach, E., Cook, J., Leiserowitz, A., & Lewandowsky, S. (2017) Inoculating against misinformation. Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. Science, 358(6367), 1141-1142. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar4533
Ventura-Pujolar, M. (2004). Conflictes Socioterritorials i Participació Pública En La Gestió De L ’Aigua De La Conca Del Riu Muga (Alt Empordà).
Ventura, M., Ribas, A., & Saurí, D. (2000). Gestión del agua y conflictividad social en la cuenca del río Muga (Alt Empordà). Geographicalia, 38, 59–75.
Wang, W. C., Lin, C. H., Lu, W. B., & Lee, S. H. (2019). When destination attractiveness shifts in response to climate change: tourists’ adaptation intention in Taiwan’s Kenting National Park. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(5), 522–543. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1437715
Wyss, R., Abegg, B., & Luthe, T. (2014). Perceptions of climate change in a tourism governance context. Tourism Management Perspectives, 11, 69–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TMP.2014.04.004
Yoon, H., Sauri, D., & Rico, A. M. (2018). Shifting scarcities? The energy intensity of water supply alternatives in the mass tourist resort ofBenidorm, Spain. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(3), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030824