Recent NDVI trends in Andalusia (southern Spain): the limits of vegetation greening
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Climate and anthropogenic factors control vegetation dynamics, and its study provides indicators to address the multi-scale analysis of environmental trends. In this article, an inter-annual analysis of NDVI 2000-2020 trends in Andalusia was conducted using the MODIS Vegetation Index Products. The main findings show: 1) the annual median NDVI showed a significant trend (p-value <0.05) in 42% of the study area, with significant increasing trends of 95.5%; 2) the annual median NDVI showed a significant trend (p-value <0.05) in 44.1% of the study area, with significant increasing trends of 93.1%; and, 3) the annual median NDVI showed a significant trend (p-value <0.05) in 64.9% of the study area, with significant increasing trends of 98.4%. This greening trend was found both in agricultural and forest covers. However, this greening was more relevant in some land cover types: olive groves and fruit trees; and sclerophyll scrubs with scattered trees and forests. The findings suggest the importance of anthropogenic factors and how they interact with climate change, while also cautioning against the limitations of vegetation greening.
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