Challenges in enabling aging-in-place initiatives in aging and shrinking Japanese cities: a case of the Gifu suburbs
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Retos en la implementación de iniciativas de envejecimiento en ciudades japonesas envejecidas y en declive: el caso de los suburbios de Gifu
Este trabajo revisa, en primer lugar, la literatura existente sobre: 1) los entornos residenciales y de la vida cotidiana de las personas mayores, con la intención de examinar los factores universales que favorecen la puesta en marcha de iniciativas de lucha contra el envejecimiento, y 2) las generación de suburbios envejecidos y en declive en el contexto japonés, y sus consecuencias, comparándolos con estudios de casos en ciudades occidentales. Posteriormente se analizaron los suburbios de Gifu, para mostrar cómo es la vida cotidiana de las personas mayores, y las barreras que perciben en los suburbios envejecidos y en declive de Japón. Por último, se analizaron los desafíos a las que deben responder las iniciativas de envejecimiento, cuyo principal objetivo es proporcionar entornos residenciales donde las personas mayores puedan residir de forma permanente en sus viviendas y barrios en las ciudades japonesas. El estudio de caso reveló que muchos mayores deseaban seguir viviendo en sus hogares y barrios. Las diversas fuentes de apoyo a las familias y los cambios en las interrelaciones entre la familia, la vivienda y la asistencia social pueden mejorar los últimos años de vida. Los sistemas de apoyo a la movilidad después de dejar de conducir deberían examinarse con más detalle, porque los mayores no estaban satisfechos con la calidad del servicio de autobuses, lo que hacía que las personas aplazaran la decisión de dejar de conducir. Para favorecer las iniciativas dirigidas a mitigar los efectos del envejecimiento en Japón, es necesaria la cooperación entre los diferentes ministerios del gobierno nacional y los departamentos a escala municipal.
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