Efectos del incremento de la erosividad de lluvia en la estimación de pérdida de suelo (RUSLE) en el periodo 1997-2018: comparación en dos cuencas mediterráneas con diferentes condiciones pluviométricas
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En la Cordilleras Béticas litorales, estudios recientes indican un incremento de la erosividad de la precipitación. Así, es necesario avanzar en la estimación de la pérdida de suelo por erosión hídrica, principal agente geomorfológico en dicha zona. Este estudio aplica la ecuación RUSLE en dos cuencas de media montaña, con diferentes condiciones pluviométricas, durante el periodo 1997-2018; ambas cuencas presentan rasgos ecogeomorfológicos propios de la montaña mediterránea. En la aplicación, se han introducido cambios metodológicos en el cálculo de la estimación de pérdida de suelo y su validación: intensidad de lluvia diezminutal (I10), en vez de 30 minutos para el factor R; estimación de la cubierta vegetal para el factor C por medio del NDVI; y validación mediante inventario en campo de los componentes superficiales del suelo. Los resultados arrojan diferencias entre ambas cuencas dadas sus diferentes condiciones ecogeomorfológicas. La precisión dada por la I10 permite valorar mejor la estimación de pérdida de suelo y sus cambios espacio-temporales. La validación con componentes superficiales del suelo es mejor en la cuenca con condiciones ecogeomorfológicas más bióticas. Este trabajo tiene evidente utilidad para detección de zonas prioritarias ante la ejecución de políticas de reforestación y control de la erosión y generación de avenidas.
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