Information and Communication Technologies of households and individuals, geographical proximity and regional competitiveness: distribution, clusters and spatial patterns of technological capacity in Europe
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Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación de los hogares e individuos, proximidad geográfica y competitividad regional: distribución, clústeres y patrones espaciales de la capacidad tecnológica en Europa
Las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) se han consolidado como pilar fundamental para el nuevo modelo de competitividad y desarrollo sostenible del territorio. Sin embargo, aún no se ha profundizado suficientemente sobre el papel que la proximidad geográfica ejerce sobre las desigualdades digitales que inciden en la competitividad regional. En este contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo es identificar y caracterizar los clústeres y patrones que definen el comportamiento espacial de las variables de acceso y uso de las TIC de los hogares-individuos en la dimensión Technological Readiness (TR) del Regional Competitiveness Index (RCI) europeo. Se ha creado una base de datos de 280 NUTS2 para realizar: i) un análisis estadístico exploratorio para mostrar el comportamiento regional de las variables TIC; y ii) un análisis de autocorrelación espacial para detectar la presencia de dependencia espacial. Los resultados a nivel regional en Europa muestran que: i) las mayores desigualdades se dan en las variables de usos de TIC y no en las de acceso; ii) los indicadores del TR dibujan un patrón espacial con un gradiente desde las regiones del extremo noroccidental hacia el suroccidental y oriental; y iii) se evidencia la oportunidad de incorporar otras variables regionales sobre usos de TIC para futuras ediciones del RCI.
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