De los anillos verdes a las infraestructuras verdes: tres estudio de caso en América
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Las políticas de anillos verdes se diseñaron hace ya más de un siglo en Europa para controlar el crecimiento urbano, preservar las tierras agrícolas y conservar la naturaleza, aunque reiteradamente han fracasado en su intento por contener la expansión de la ciudad. Sin embargo, paulatinamente, estas iniciativas han ido incorporando nuevas funciones, incidiendo especialmente en la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos. En Europa, diversos estudios señalan que se ha producido una evolución desde los anillos verdes, diseñados a modo de línea de fijación del crecimiento urbano, hacia las infraestructuras verdes mucho más permeables y conectadas. En este artículo, exploramos estas dinámicas a través de la comparación de los casos de tres anillos verdes, Ottawa y Ontario en Canadá y São Paulo en Brasil, implementados en América. Los casos muestran la consolidación de dichas iniciativas y su evolución hacia infraestructuras verdes más amplias, aunque con resultados desiguales en el cumplimiento de los objetivos de las políticas, ya que se requiere disponer de una elevada capacidad de gobernanza para llevar a cabo una gestión coordinada compleja entre los diversos niveles de gobiernos, los diferentes municipios y otros intereses privados y públicos que intervienen en las infraestructuras verdes.
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