Perception of the filmed urban space: an analysis of the imaginaries of Madrid constructed through series and social networks
Barra lateral del artículo
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
Percepción del espacio urbano filmado: un análisis de los imaginarios construidos sobre Madrid a través de las series y las redes sociales
En pleno auge de la cultura visual, el turismo cinematográfico ha experimentado un importante impulso en las últimas décadas; modalidad a la que se le ha sumado recientemente la motivación por conocer lugares donde han sido rodadas series para televisión o plataformas. En este contexto, y tomando como referencia al municipio de Madrid, se ha planteado un trabajo que, al análisis entre las relaciones del espacio geográfico y el audiovisual a través del uso cultural y turístico, une la representación de ambos a través de las redes sociales (Twitter). Metodológicamente se ha diseñado una ‘interfaz de programación de aplicaciones’ (application programming interface) que ha permitido descargar una muestra de tweets, que posteriormente se han analizado tanto cuantitativa como cualitativamente. Las principales conclusiones muestran el impacto que en el reconocimiento de la ciudad o de algunos de sus elementos tienen las series de ficción, así como las relaciones que se establecen entre el espacio narrativo y el geográfico cuando este último es usado para actividades in situ. Teóricamente se incide en la relación entre geografías reales, geografías imaginadas y simulacro, así como en su implicación en la mercantilización del espacio y en la construcción de experiencias geográficas vicarias.
Descargas
Detalles del artículo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Bibliografía
Aertsen, V., Gámir, A., & Manuel, C. (2015). El cine de ficción y el estudio de las transformaciones urbanas. El caso de Madrid. In M.A. Chaves (Ed.), Ciudad y Comunicación (pp. 39-48). Grupo de Investigación Arte, Arquitectura y Comunicación en la Ciudad Contemporánea. UCM.
Aertsen, V., Gámir, A., & Manuel, C. (2018). La imagen cinematográfica de la Plaza Mayor de Madrid. Ciudad y Territorio, Estudios Territoriales, L(197), 539-556. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/CyTET/article/view/76681/46997
Aertsen, V., Gámir, A., & Manuel, C. (2020). De 'El pisito' a la Casa de la Moneda: la historia de Madrid en el cine y la tv. In The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/de-el-pisito-a-la-casa-de-la-moneda-la-historia-de-madrid-en-el-cine-y-la-tv-148967
Aertsen, V., Gámir, A., Manuel, C., & Mélgar, L. (2019). Analysis of a filmed urban area through a GIS Tool: Madrid Movie Map. In C. Lukinbeal (Ed.), Media’s mapping impulse (pp. 213-234). Franz Steiner Verlag.
Anaz, N., & Ozcan, C. (2016). Geography of Turkish soap operas: Tourism, soft power, and alternative narratives. In I. Egresi (Ed.), Alternative tourism in Turkey (pp. 247-258). Springer. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-47537-0_15
Bakan, O. (2021). Screenscaping Istanbul: reproduction of the city image in tv series (Doctoral dissertation, Yaşar University, Turkey). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Oemer-Bakan/publication/356904178_Screenscaping_Istanbul_Reproduction_of_the_city_image_in_TV_series/links/61b206858429577d97af8cf3/Screenscaping-Istanbul-Reproduction-of-the-city-image-in-TV-series.pdf
Balli, F., Balli, H., & Cebeci, K. (2013). Impacts of exported Turkish soap operas and visa-free entry on inbound tourism to Turkey. Tourism Management, 37, 186-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.01.013
Barrado-Timón, D.A., & Hidalgo-Giralt, C. (2019). The historic city, its transmission and perception via augmented reality and virtual reality and the use of the past as a resource for the present: a new era for urban cultural heritage and tourism? Sustainability, 11(10), 2835. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102835
Barrado-Timón, D., & Sáez-Cala, A. (2020). Cinema and tourism in large cities: the case of Madrid (Spain). Estudios turísticos, 220, 115-132. https://turismo.janium.net/janium/Objetos/REVISTAS_ESTUDIOS_TURISTICOS/ET_220_06_Cinema_tourism_cities.pdf
Beeton, S. (2005). Film induced tourism. Channel View Publications.
Bell, C., & Lyall, J. (2005). ‘I was here’: pixilated evidence. In D. Crouch et al. (Eds.), The media and the tourist imagination (pp. 149-156). Routledge.
Bolan, P., & Williams, L. (2008). The role of image in service promotion: focusing on the influence of film on consumer choice within tourism. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 32, 382-390. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2008.00672.x
Bollhöfer, B. (2007). ‘Screenscapes’: Placing TV series in their contexts of production, meaning and consumption. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 98(2), 165-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.2007.00389.x
Brotman, B. (2022). Game of Thrones and tourism impacts on Croatian housing prices. Tourism Analysis, 27(1), 113-118. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354221X16140381653042
Busby, G., & Klug, J. (2001). Movie induced tourism: The challenge of measurement and other issues. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 7(4), 316-332. https://doi.org/10.1177/135676670100700403
Camprubi, R., & Coromina, L. (2016). La influencia de las fuentes de información en la formación de la imagen turística. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural. Pasos, 14 (4), 781-796. http://www.pasosonline.org/Publicados/14416/PS416_01.pdf
Celik Rappas I., & Kayhan, S. (2018). TV Series Production and the Urban Restructuring of Istanbul. Television & New Media, 19(1), 3-23. https://doi:10.1177/1527476416681500
Chang-Hua, Y., & Hsiu-Yu, T. (2015). Celebrity involvement, perceived value, and behavioral intentions in popular media-induced tourism. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 39(2), 225-244. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348012471382
Connell, J. (2012). Film tourism – Evolution, progress and prospects. Tourism Management, 33(5), 1007-1029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.02.008
Connell, J., & Meyer, D. (2009). Balamory revisited: An evaluation of the screen tourism destination-tourist nexus. Tourism Management, 30(2), 194-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.06.001
Contu, G., & Pau, S. (2022). The impact of TV series on tourism performance: the case of Game of Thrones. Empirical Economics, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-022-02228-2
Couldry, N. (1998). The view from inside the 'simulacrum‘: visitors’ tales from the set of Coronation Street. Leisure Studies, 17(2), 94-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/026143698375178
Croy, G., & Heitmann, S. (2011). Tourism and film. In P. Robinson, S. Heitmann & P. Dieke (Eds.), Research themes for tourism (pp. 188-204). CABI.
Davin, S. (2005). Tourists and television viewers-some similarities. In D. Crouch et al. (Eds.), The media and the tourist imagination (pp. 170-182). Routledge.
Ertz, M., Sarigöllü, E., Karakas, F., & Chehab, O. (2021). Impact of TV dramas on consumers' travel, shopping and purchase intentions. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 20(3), 655-669. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cb.1891
Fernández-Manzano, E., Neira, E., & Clares-Gavilán, J. (2016). Data management in audiovisual business: Netflix as a case study. Profesional de la información, 25(4), 568-576. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2016.jul.06
Fish, R. (2005). Mobile viewers-media producers and the televisual tourist. In Crouch, D. et al. (Eds.). The media and the tourist imagination (119-134). Routledge.
Gámir, A. (2015). Geografía y cine. La representación del espacio geográfico en las películas de producción occidental. Tirant lo Blanch.
Gibson, S. (2018). The landscapes and aesthetics of soap opera: Townships, television and tourism. Journal of African Cinemas, 10(1-2), 95-110. https://doi.org/10.1386/jac.10.1-2.95_1
Gómez-Morales, B., Nieto-Ferrando, J., & Sánchez-Castillo, S. (2022). (Re)Visiting Game of Thrones: film-induced tourism and television fiction. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 39(1), 73-86. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2022.2044971
Gonzales, A., Pigott, F., Moffitt, J., 42B, Kolb, J., Montague, J., Piper, A., Specker, A., & Domingues, L.F. (2022). Python client for the Twitter API v2 search endpoints [Python, GitHub repository]. @TwitterDev. https://github.com/twitterdev/search-tweets-python/tree/v2
Gunn, C. (1972). Vacationscape: Designing tourist environments. University of Texas.
Hahm, J., & Wang, Y. (2011). Film-induced tourism as a vehicle for destination marketing: Is it worth the efforts? Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 28(2), 165-179. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2011.546209
Harvey, D. (1989). The condition of postmodernity: An enquiry into the origins of cultural change. Wiley-Blackwell.
Jackson, R. (2005). Converging cultures; converging gazes; contextualizing perspectives. In D. Crouch et al. (Eds.), The media and the tourist imagination (pp. 197-211). Routledge.
Jiao, J., Holmes, M., & Griffin, G. (2018). Revisiting image of the city in cyberspace: Analysis of spatial Twitter messages during a special event. Journal of Urban Technology, 25(3), 65-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2017.1348881
Kennedy, C., & Lukinbeal, C. (1997). Towards a holistic approach to geographic research on film. Progress in Human Geography, 21(1), 33-50. https://doi.org/10.1191/030913297673503066
Kinder, M. (2008). Re-Wiring Baltimore: The emotive power of systemics, seriality, and the city. Film Quarterly, 62(2), 50-57. https://doi.org/10.1525/fq.2008.62.2.50
MacCannell, D. (1976). The tourist. A new theory of the leisure class. Schocken Books.
Mellinas, J. (2020). Measuring the impact of Game of Thrones on tourism through online reviews. E-review of Tourism Research, 17(4), 479-489. https://journals.tdl.org/ertr/index.php/ertr/article/view/534
Mordue, T. (2001). Performing and directing resident/tourist cultures in Heartbeat country. Tourist Studies, 1(3), 233-252. https://doi.org/10.1177/146879760100100302
Morgan, H. (2014). Media as a spatial practice: Treme and the production of the media neighbourhood. Continuum, 28(3), 286-299. https://doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2014.900878
Natalie (2020). “Elite” Is The One To Beat. Binge Report. In TvTime. https://www.tvtime.com/article/binge-report-week-of-march-9-elite
Neira, E., Clares-Gavilán, J., & Sánchez-Navarro, J. (2021). New audience dimensions in streaming platforms: the second life of Money heist on Netflix as a case study. Profesional de la información, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2021.ene.13
O’Connor, N., & Bolan, P. (2008). Creating a sustainable brand for Northern Ireland through film induced tourism. Tourism, Culture & Communication, 8(3), 147-158. https://doi.org/10.3727/109830408786177515
Rappas, I., & Kayhan, S. (2016). TV Series Production and the Urban Restructuring of Istanbul. Television & New Media, 19(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476416681500
Riley, R. (1994). Movie-induced tourism. In A. Seaton (Ed.), Tourism. The State of the Art (pp. 453-458). John Wiley and Sons.
Riley, R., & Van Doren, C. (1992). Movies as tourism promotion: A ‘pull’ factor in a ‘push’ location. Tourism Management, 13(3), 267-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(92)90098-R
Riley, R., Baker, D., & Van Doren, C. (1998). Movie-induced tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(4), 919-935. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00045-0
Rojek, C. (1993). Ways of escape: Modern transformations in leisure and travel. Springer.
Sadler, W., & Haskins, E. (2005). Metonymy and the metropolis: Television show settings and the image of New York City. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 29(3), 195-216. https://doi.org/10.1177/0196859905275971
Sangkyun, K. (2012). Audience involvement and film tourism experiences: Emotional places, emotional experiences. Tourism Management, 33(2), 387-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.04.008
Sangkyun, K., Long, P., & Robinson, M. (2009). Small screen, big tourism: The role of popular SKorean television dramas in South Korean tourism. Tourism Geographies, 11(3), 308-333. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616680903053334
Skoko, B., & Miličević, K. (2020). Challenges of film-induced tourism in Croatia: From Winnetou to Game of Thrones. In M. Månsson, A. Buchmann, C. Cassinger & L. Eskilsson (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Media and Tourism (pp. 206-214). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429430398
Soojin, L., Scott, D., & Hyounggon, K. (2008). Celebrity fan involvement and destination perceptions. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(3), 809-832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2008.06.003
Stylos, J., Faulring, A., Yang, Z., & Myers, B.A. (2009). Improving API documentation using API usage information. In IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC) (pp.119-126). https://doi.org/10.1109/VLHCC.2009.5295283
Tkalec, M., Zilic, I., & Recher, V. (2017). The effect of film industry on tourism: Game of Thrones and Dubrovnik. International Journal of Tourism Research, 19(6), 705-714. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2142
Torchin, L. (2002). Location, location, location: The destination of the Manhattan TV Tour. Tourist Studies, 2(3), 247-266. https://doi.org/10.1177/14687976020023002
Tornes, A., & Trujillo, L. (2021). Enabling the future of academic research with the Twitter API. In Twitter Developer Platform Blog. https://blog.twitter.com/developer/en_us/topics/tools/2021/enabling-the-future-of-academic-research-with-the-twitter-api
Tuen-Man, Ng., & Chung-Shing, C. (2019). Investigating film-induced tourism potential: The influence of Korean TV dramas on Hong Kong young adults. Asian Geographer, 37(1), 53-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/10225706.2019.1701506
Twitter (n.d.). Search Tweets. How to build a query. In Developer Platform, Twitter. https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/tweets/search/integrate/build-a-query
Twitter, Developer Platform (n.d.). Search Tweets. Building queries for Search Tweets. In Developer Platform, Twitter. https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/tweets/search/integrate/build-a-query
Tzanelli, R. (2016). From Game of Thrones to game of sites/sights: Reconfiguring a transnational cinematic node in Ireland's e-tourism. In K. Hannam, M. Mostafanezhad & J. Rickly (Eds.), Event Mobilities: Politics, Place and Performance. Routledge Advances in Event Research (pp. 1-29). Routledge.
Urry, J. (1990). The tourist gaze. SAGE.
Urry, J. (1994). Cultural change and contemporary tourism. Leisure Studies, 13(4), 233-238. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/citedby/10.1080/02614369409510672?scroll=top&needAccess=true
West, P. (2009). The city of our times: space, identity, and the body in CSI: Miami. In M. Byers & V.M. Johnson (Eds.), The CSI effect: television, crime, and governance (pp. 111-131). Lexington Books.
Zarate, P. (December 20, 2021). 'La casa de papel' y las cifras de su éxito en Netflix: así ha rendido su final. In VerTele! https://vertele.eldiario.es/series/la-casa-de-papel-money-heist-netflix-cifras-exito-final_1_8595536.html