The role of Airbnb creating a “new”-old city centre: facts, problems and controversies in Porto
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El papel de Airbnb en la creación de un "nuevo" centro de la ciudad vieja: hechos, problemas y controversias en Porto
El crecimiento del turismo urbano, favorecido por plataformas como Airbnb, está cambiando drásticamente las ciudades. En toda Europa, los gobiernos locales se han enfrentado al crecimiento descontrolado de la llamada economía colaborativa y han desarrollado diferentes enfoques reglamentarios: una prohibición total; laissez-faire; y la limitación. Tomamos Porto como un caso-estudio, teniendo en cuenta el crecimiento significativo del turismo, de la Airbnb y de los usuarios flotantes en los últimos dos años de la ciudad. Utilizamos diferentes tipos de métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos (a saber, la base de datos oficial de Airdna) para analizar los principales cambios urbanos, el papel de Airbnb y el contexto de gobernanza. Llegamos a la conclusión de que el crecimiento de los usuarios flotantes de la ciudad, estimulado por Airbnb, parece ser el principal impulsor del cambio. Todavía, en Porto, la narrativa global de economía colaborativa y democratización del turismo de Airbnb resulta errónea, ya que su dinámica está más o menos relacionada con el crecimiento de la economía hotelera, los anfitriones profesionales y las concentraciones de renda y masificación. En este contexto, además de laissez-faire, las preocupaciones de sostenibilidad urbana exigen enfoques regulatorios más inteligentes asociados con visiones más ampliamente compartidas, y objetivos claros a corto, medio y largo plazo.
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