Fiabilidad en la detección de las superficies selladas empleando datos del programa Copernicus
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Durante los últimos 50 años se han producido cambios significativos en las cubiertas y usos del suelo, principalmente aquellos catalogados como artificiales. Este proceso, y su generalización a escala global, afectan de forma directa a las funciones básicas del suelo, acrecentando otros problemas como pueden ser la pérdida de biodiversidad, contaminación, degradación edáfica, inundaciones, o los efectos del cambio climático. En el área de estudio (Mazarrón, Región de Murcia) el problema anterior resulta ejemplar: el binomio desarrollo urbano asociado al turismo de sol y playa y la agricultura intensiva (bajo invernaderos) alteran de forma drástica la naturaleza del suelo. El objetivo es establecer un modelo de clasificación supervisada que distinga, con un error asumible, las distintas clases establecidas, destacando sobre todas ellas las que supongan superficies sellantes y, además, realizar una comparación con la información del último Corine Land Cover disponible (2018). Para ello, se seleccionaron imágenes del satélite Sentinel 2A y se ejecutó una clasificación de máxima verosimilitud. Para validar los resultados, se elaboró una matriz de confusión en la que se obtuvo una precisión general del 89 %. Finalmente, se observó una subestimación significativa, por parte del Corine Land Cover, del 75 % de las superficies selladas debido a su resolución.
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